Effective in battle: conceptualizing soldiers’ combat effectiveness*

How do we understand combat effectiveness – soldiers’ performance in battle? Despite the broad consensus that understanding combat effectiveness is important both for scholars and policymakers, there is widespread disagreement about what combat effectiveness is. More specifically, studies of effectiveness tend to focus on either the skill of soldiers in battle, or their will to fight. Yet both skill and will are essential components of an effective fighting force. This article argues that understanding combat effectiveness requires understanding both of these key components of effectiveness. In other words, combat effectiveness requires both the skill and will to engage the enemy in an organized manner. It then demonstrates the usefulness of this conceptualization by applying it to the cases of British, Indian, and Australian forces fighting the Japanese during the Second World War. Only when scholars are talking about the same concept will our understanding of the conditions under which militaries are effective in battle progress. By comparing different units fighting the same opponent under the same material conditions, I demonstrate that units vary both in their combat skill and their will to fight, and that understanding their effectiveness in battle requires analyzing both of these key factors.     

论中国维和警察培训与国际接轨的途径

中国维和警察培训要赶超世界先进水平 ,就必须高目标定位 ,高起点切入 ,高质量培训 ,高标准评估 ,高层次交流 ,努力探索中国维和警察培训与国际接轨的有效途径     

具时滞的比率型三种群捕食系统的全局渐近稳定性

研究了一类具有时滞的比率型三种群捕食者-食饵系统,给出了系统持续生存的条件。通过构造Lyapunov泛函的方法得到了该系统正平衡态全局渐近稳定的充分条件。     

Trade credit contract in the presence of retailer investment opportunity

This paper presents a model for designing a trade credit contract between a supplier and a retailer that would coordinate a supply chain in the presence of investment opportunity for the retailer. Specifically, we study a newsvendor model where the supplier offers a trade credit contract to the retailer who, by delaying the payment, can invest the accounts payable amount and earn returns. We find that when the channel partners have symmetric information about the retailer's investment return, a conditionally concessional trade credit (CTC) contract, which includes a wholesale price, an interest‐free period, and a minimum order requirement, can achieve channel coordination. We then extend the model to the information asymmetry setting in which the retailer's investment return is unobservable by the supplier. We show that, although the CTC contract cannot achieve the coordination in this setting, it can effectively improve channel efficiency as well as profitability for individual partners.     

War,vagueness and hybrid war

It has frequently been observed in the literature on hybrid wars that there is a grey zone between peace and war, and that hybrid wars are conflicts which are not clear cases of war. In this paper, I attempt to illuminate this grey zone and the concept and nature of war from the philosophical discussions of vagueness and institutional facts. Vague terms are characterized by the fact that there is no non-arbitrary boundary between entities which lie in their extension, and entities which do not lie in their extension. I apply a theory of vagueness to notions such as “war” and “peace” and go on to suggest that the exact boundary for what counts as a war or not is arbitrary. However, the context in which the conflict occurs determines a range of possible locations for this boundary. The most important contextual parameter is in this respect how the parties to the conflict themselves conceptualize the conflict. I suggest that this can in various ways help us understand grey-zone conflicts.     

一类具有时滞的病毒动力学模型分析

研究一类具有时滞的病毒动力学模型。研究了系统解的有界性;讨论了各个非负平衡点的局部稳定性,应用比较定理得到了各非负平衡点全局渐近稳定的充分条件。     

一种无线传感器网络中的Sybil攻击检测方案

Sybil攻击破坏无线传感器网络中的数据融合、公平资源分配等机制，因此对Sybil攻击的防范与检测具有很重要的意义。将一种基于到达时间差（TDOA）的三维定位引入到Sybil攻击的检测中，算法可以检测存在的Sybil攻击并对Sybil节点进行定位。通过性能分析证明该算法具有开销小、有效性高的特点。     

GBAS中抑制电离层异常的改进自适应Hatch滤波算法

针对单频地基增强系统(Ground Based Augmentation System, GBAS)中电离层异常时Hatch滤波器平滑精度降低问题,系统分析了电离层延时对Hatch滤波器平滑精度的影响,提出一种改进自适应Hatch滤波算法。根据卫星信号计算码载偏离度,并利用二阶线性时不变低通滤波器抑制码载偏离度高频信号,以实现电离层异常实时检测;建立平滑后伪距误差均方根与电离层延时变化率、伪距测量噪声标准差以及平滑时间三者之间的函数模型,并由此确定出Hatch滤波器最优平滑时间。利用GBAS原理样机进行验证实验,结果表明:自适应Hatch滤波算法能够根据卫星信号电离层延时变化率确定滤波器最优平滑时间,且当电离层异常时,自适应Hatch滤波器机载位置误差最大由1.15 m减小为0.43 m,从而验证了所提算法的有效性。     

Sol-gel法制备纳米TiO_2凝胶过程的控制

以钛酸四丁酯为前驱物,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2凝胶。通过改变各原料的配比和实验条件对凝胶过程中的作用机理进行了探究。结果表明:当无水乙醇与钛酸四丁酯的摩尔比为12:1,蒸馏水与钛酸四丁酯的摩尔比为3:1,抑制剂与钛酸四丁酯的摩尔比为1:1～2:1,pH=2,最适水解温度为25℃时,制得了稳定的二氧化钛凝胶。     

复杂约束下的导弹作战任务规划模型和算法研究

导弹作战任务规划是一个涉及时间、资源、质量和其他关系约束的复杂问题。首先通过定义约束满足效用对基本约束满足模型进行了扩展，建立了导弹任务规划的约束满足优化模型。在此基础上，研究了任务规划模型求解的时间和效用传播算法，提出了基于综合效用的优化求解框架。该模型和求解框架易于解决具有多种约束因素的复杂问题，具有较好的通用性。通过定义软、硬约束效用，使得实际任务规划问题求解具有更好的灵活性。